With gastritis, in addition to drug treatment, other methods of treatment are used - traditional methods of treatment, diet.What can you eat during a diet for gastritis of the stomach to get the effect of such treatment?
General information about gastritis diets
Gastritis treatment is usually complex and includes, in addition to drug therapy, various diets.Diet for gastritis means a lot, because dry food, light snacks (hot dogs, pizza, etc.), irregular meals, too cold or hot food and a large amount of spices can cause exacerbation of gastritis.
The gastroenterologist prescribes diet and drug treatment of gastritis in accordance with the type of the disease, the alarming symptoms and the reasons that led to the appearance of the disease.Patients may be bothered by pain, a feeling of heaviness and burning in the epigastrium, a feeling of fullness in the stomach, a feeling of hunger after eating, belching, vomiting, increased salivation, decreased appetite and indigestion.
The diet for gastritis, especially in the acute period, should not contain foods that irritate the stomach.What diet should you follow?The prescribed diet depends on the severity of the exacerbation (attack) in the patient;moreover, the type of diet depends on the level of stomach acidity.
If you have gastritis, exclude the following types of food from your diet:
- any broths;
- animal fats;
- fried, spicy foods;
- smoked meats, all kinds of snacks;
- fatty meat and fish;
- pickled and pickled vegetables;
- mushrooms (due to difficult digestibility);
- some types of cereals - corn, millet, barley, pearl barley;
- fresh berries;
- fermented milk drinks, sour cream;
- some vegetables and spices - onions, garlic, radishes, radishes, white cabbage;
- vinegar, ketchup, mayonnaise, black pepper, spices, sauces;
- some types of drinks - strong coffee, tea, carbonated, undiluted sour fruit juices.
During an exacerbation of the disease, dietary nutrition promotes the remission of the disease, therefore foods that strongly affect the secretion and act as irritants are excluded from the diet.
Products that irritate mucous membranes
Mechanical irritation is caused by:
- a hearty meal;
- consumption of cartilage, tough meat, bird skin;
- consumption of a significant amount of coarse fiber, which is found in beans, radishes, raisins, currants, grapes, gooseberries and bread with bran.
Fried foods have maximum mechanical impact on the gastric mucosa.To a lesser extent, this effect is exerted by dishes prepared by baking in the oven or using a double boiler.
Chemical irritation is caused by products from the following list:
- broths, vegetable and mushroom broths;
- various spices;
- canned goods;
- fried and smoked foods (meat and fish);
- salted, pickled, marinated vegetables;
- hard boiled eggs;
- tomato sauce;
- rye bread, cakes, pastries from butter dough - pies, pastries, pies, biscuits;
- fermented milk products;
- unripe sour fruits;
- some types of raw vegetables - onions, garlic, radishes, radishes;
- certain types of drinks - strong coffee, tea, alcoholic and carbonated drinks.
The chemical effect that food can have on the gastrointestinal tract is determined by the presence in it of extracts, organic acids, table salt, water-soluble sugars and essential oils.
Thermal irritation is caused by very hot or very cold food - meals with a temperature below 15 ° and above 57-62 ° C are irritating, and cold meals taken on an empty stomach increase intestinal motility.The most acceptable food temperature is around 37-38°C.
The diet is selected according to its quality composition, the method of culinary processing of the products (heat treatment - frying, boiling, steaming, baking) and the degree of digestion.
Light diet and fasting
A gentle diet, in addition to eliminating irritants, provides partial meals, which facilitates digestion and assimilation of food.It is preferable to eat pureed, warm, non-rough dishes that have a juice-like effect - milk, milk porridge, eggs, boiled lean fish, steamed meat.
Sometimes it is considered advisable to fast, since the very consumption of any food leads to an increase in the secretion of hydrochloric acid.With short-term abstinence from food, the acidity of the stomach decreases, the production of saliva, bile and peristalsis also decrease.
The greatest effect of fasting days is observed during an exacerbation of the disease, when the complete refusal to eat alternates with the consumption of light foods.With this diet, toxins and waste products leave the body faster.But there are contraindications for fasting - it is not used for severe weight loss, anorexia, during childbirth and it is not used for children.
Fasting should not begin immediately with a complete refusal of food.First, they switch to light foods (for example, kefir), spend 5 days on such a light diet, and then switch to fasting.
Fasting can be in two variants: in the first variant (dry fasting) it is forbidden to drink water, the second variant allows drinking mineral still water or simply boiled water.On the second day, it is allowed to drink weak tea, this lasts 4-5 days.Getting out of a hunger strike starts with consuming rice water and wheat crackers.Then they begin to feed on liquid boiled oatmeal, rice and semolina porridge, which are prepared in water or with a small amount of milk.It is good to eat slimy soups or wheat infusions with soups during the day.The consumption of fresh vegetables and fruits is excluded.
Separate meals
Meal options, when the diet does not allow the simultaneous intake of fats, proteins and carbohydrates, are called separate meals.For example, meat should not be eaten with starchy and green vegetables.Green vegetables can be combined with many foods: fats, proteins, grains.Confectionery (flour) and sugar are consumed separately from all foods to avoid fermentation, belching and heartburn.
Adhering to the principles of separate meals, you can normalize digestion, metabolic processes in the body and reduce your weight.Properly combined foods are digested faster, do not cause fermentation, and toxic substances are not formed in the blood.
Food output speed
For easier digestion and removal of food from the body, the simultaneous consumption of liquid and solid foods is not recommended.Liquid and mushy food leaves the stomach faster than solid food, so it is recommended during diets to increase the speed of food passage.
Prunes and raisins stay in the stomach for a particularly long time;in case of exacerbation of gastritis, it is not recommended to consume them in the first few months.
It also affects the speed of movement of food and its type - proteins, carbohydrates or fats.Carbohydrates leave the body the fastest, followed by proteins, and only fats remain the longest.Fats have little effect on the production of gastric juice, but they increase the amount of time that food remains in the stomach, because fat is difficult to break down - the longer food remains in the stomach, the stronger the release of hydrochloric acid.During an exacerbation of the disease, it is recommended to avoid fats.
The purpose of the diet
When prescribing a diet, many factors are taken into account, including concomitant diseases of the gallbladder, pancreas and intestines.If prone to diarrhea, diet No. 4 is prescribed;if there are symptoms of chronic cholecystitis or pancreatitis, diet No. 5 is prescribed (with the exception of whole milk and reduction of fresh vegetables and fruits).The duration of the diet is also chosen individually.For 1-2 months, a strict diet is followed, which is prescribed in the acute stage.But the basic rules of proper nutrition must be followed for many years.
Prescribed diets also depend on the form and type of course of the disease.In the case of acute, erosive (ulcer) gastritis and exacerbation of chronic gastritis, a strict diet is prescribed;in the period of remission, the diet is slightly expanded.With any type of gastritis (superficial, hypertrophic, subatrophic, hyperplastic, hemorrhagic, catarrhal, focal, mixed reflux gastritis, etc.), alcohol, smoking, fatty, fried and spicy foods are strictly prohibited.
In case of gastritis, the goal is to restore the normal activity of the stomach, regenerate the affected areas of the mucous membrane, normalize acidity and the activity of digestive enzymes.
What can you eat if you have acute gastritis?
In acute forms of gastritis, it is recommended not to eat on the first day;you can drink tea and still mineral water.From day 2, you can eat by introducing into the diet: liquid porridge (preferably oatmeal), mashed potatoes (liquid with water), soft-boiled eggs, jelly.In the period of exacerbation, a strict diet is necessary;when the symptoms subside, the diet is expanded.With low acidity, it is recommended to eat more foods that support the release of hydrochloric acid;with high acidity, vice versa.
| Calms the stomach | They are irritating |
| Mineral drinking water without gas, weak tea | Alcoholic and carbonated beverages |
| Weak vegetable soups | Coffee, cocoa (low fat) |
| porridge | Salty dishes |
| Well-cooked lean meat and fish | All fried, marinated, smoked dishes |
| Vegetable puree (potatoes, rutabaga, carrots, cauliflower) | Rich, strong broths |
| Cottage cheese | Canned food, spices |
| Fresh white bread | black bread |
| sugar | Eggs (yolk only) |
Diet for chronic gastritis
In this case, diet No. 2 is prescribed. Food should be varied in composition;the diet should contain foods that stimulate the secretion of gastric juice and increase appetite, which is reduced in such patients.
Permitted and prohibited products for chronic gastritis:
| Allowed | Forbidden |
| Lean meat or fish, soups with low-fat broth (meat or fish) | Fatty meat and fish |
| Soaked herring, caviar (black) | Cold drinks |
| Boiled, stewed, roasted vegetables, herbs - dill, parsley | Fresh bread |
| Fruit and vegetable juices, soft apples | Confectionery |
| Soft-boiled eggs, cheese (soft), lean ham | Lots of grapes or cabbage |
| Old rye bread | Salty, spicy dishes |
| Loose porridge with water or a small amount of milk | milk |
Due to the fact that patients with this form of gastritis often do not tolerate milk well, it is recommended to consume fermented milk products (kefir, cottage cheese, yogurt) - fresh and as a casserole or pudding.
Features of the diet in hypoacidic gastritis
Feeding should be done at least 5 times a day.Therapeutic nutrition is followed for 2-3 months after the acute period.It is good to supplement your diet with vitamin and mineral supplements.
In this case, at the beginning of the exacerbation, a strict diet is followed, the purpose of which is to reduce the exacerbation.Then they begin to stimulate the secretion of gastric juice.The diet prescribed for low acidity is diet number 2.
Table of permitted and prohibited products for low acidity (hypoacid gastritis):
| Allowed | Forbidden |
| Rabbit, chicken, lean meat in the form of meatballs, meatballs, cutlets | Fried foods, baked foods |
| Lean fish, fish soup | Alcoholic beverages |
| Meat broths, soups - vegetable, fruit, pea | Salty, spicy dishes and spices (horseradish, black pepper, mustard, garlic) |
| Vegetable purees, stews, beet salads, carrots, potatoes, zucchini (except spinach and sorrel) | mushrooms |
| Sour cream, kefir, milk, cottage cheese, cheesecakes, thinned cream, a little butter, soft cheese, steamed omelettes, soft-boiled eggs | Coarse tough, fatty meat, pork |
| Fruit juices (without grape juice), compotes, rosehip decoction, blackcurrant berries | Raw vegetables, including radishes, radishes, onions, fresh cucumbers, sweet peppers, rutabagas, cabbage;pickled vegetables |
| Weak tea (with milk), water with lemon and sugar | Grape juice and whole grapes, prunes, raisins |
| White crackers, dry biscuits | Fresh bread, pastries |
| porridge | Smoked products (meat and fish) |
| Jellied meat | milk |
| Sweet berries (raspberries, strawberries) and pureed fruits;jam, compote, jelly | Legumes, cereals - barley, corn, barley, millet |
| pasta | Okroshka |
It is recommended to drink mineral water 20-30 minutes before meals.
The diet is followed for about 3 weeks, it all depends on how you feel.After reducing the inflammation, you can gradually begin to stimulate the production of hydrochloric acid - cook stronger meat broths, sometimes serve pickled cucumber or a piece of herring for lunch, you can eat a sandwich with grain caviar.To stimulate the production of gastric juice, half an hour before meals you should drink lemon juice diluted with water (0.5 cups).
It is allowed to eat fried foods, but without breading.It is good to start taking herbal bitters - to increase appetite and taste sensations.Drinking koumiss is good for secretion;drinking kvass is not harmful, but you should not get carried away, because it enhances the processes of gas formation.You can also drink coffee, but no more than 1 cup per day.
In addition, the diet is expanded and it is allowed to consume cocoa, kefir and strong tea.If you feel well, after a few months the diet is expanded - you can eat almost anything, but you should not overdo it with salt, spices, cabbage and grapes.Breakfast and lunch should include hot dishes.
An example menu for the period of exacerbation of gastritis:
- breakfast- weak tea with milk and oatmeal;
- second breakfast– apple (roasted);
- lunch– compote, steamed cutlet with a garnish of buckwheat porridge, broth with meatballs;
- dinner- vegetable puree, cottage cheese (can be with jam);
- before bed:a glass of kefir with white biscuits.
Diet for hyperacidic gastritis
With hyperacid gastritis, you should eat at certain times, in small portions, 5-6 times a day.It is important to chew food thoroughly - crushed food does not injure the mucous membrane, and during chewing, more gastric juice and saliva are released, which help digest food.All dishes should be minimally seasoned and salted.
The first few weeks the diet is almost the same as in low acidity.The difference is that with gastritis with increased acidity, it is useful to consume more dairy products and milk to normalize the increased acidity.
If the milk provokes swelling or diarrhea, it can be diluted - drunk, added to tea.If this does not help, then it is replaced with slimy soups.
All foods must be pureed, warmed, chopped.A few weeks later, after a strict diet, foods that have a weak effect on the synthesis of gastric juice are added.The principle of partial feeding is also preserved.The diet should be rich in protein to restore stomach cells.
For hyperacid gastritis, diet number 1 is recommended (good for weight loss).Then - diet 1A for up to 10 days, then - diet 1B and No. 1 (up to several months).
List of permitted and prohibited products:
| Allowed | Forbidden |
| Lean boiled meat: rabbit, chicken, pigeon.Dishes from them, cooked in water or steamed, in the form of meatballs, cutlets, souffles | Spicy, smoked and fried dishes (or baked with a crust - grilled), sausages, sausages |
| Low-fat fish - hake, pink salmon, cod and other seafood | Rich meat and fish broths |
| Vegetable puree, grated vegetables - young peas, potatoes, beets, carrots;fresh cabbage juice | Coffee, tea, carbonated and alcoholic drinks, kvass, beer |
| Fruit jelly, jelly, puree (strawberries, raspberries, apples) | Cranberry, tart or citrus juices |
| Porridges that boil well in water - semolina, rice, oatmeal | Tomatoes, garlic, onions, turnips, radishes, peppers, cabbage |
| Milk, fresh cottage cheese | Mustard, ginger |
| Steam omelets, soft eggs, milk, cream, fresh cottage cheese, casseroles from it | Legumes, chocolate |
| Slimy soups with the addition of cereal purees, milk pureed porridges from various cereals (except millet) | Marinades, pickles, spices, salt |
| White bread crackers | Fermented dairy products |
| Sugar, honey | Coffee, alcoholic beverages |
| Rosehip decoction with sugar, tea (with milk or cream) | black bread |
One hour before a meal, it is recommended to drink Borjomi alkaline mineral water (1 cup).
Oven-dried crackers can be substituted for fresh brown bread.It is recommended to add vegetable oil to meals to speed up the healing process of mucosal damage that occurs with this type of gastritis.
Escalation menu:
- breakfast - steamed omelette, milk porridge (oatmeal), tea with milk;
- second breakfast - milk with biscuits;
- lunch - soup-mash from a mixture of potatoes and carrots, steamed meat cutlets with a garnish of mashed potatoes, fruit jelly;
- afternoon snack - a glass of milk.
- dinner - boiled fish with a garnish of carrot and beetroot puree, tea with milk;
- at night - a glass of milk.
Food recipes
For ease of preparation, they create an approximate menu of dietary dishes for the week, taking into account permitted foods.It is very convenient and complies with the rules for a gentle cooking method when preparing dishes in a slow cooker.
Mucous soups are used during exacerbations and pain.In diets 1A and 1B, milk soups are used.More often these are grain soups prepared with milk diluted with water (1:1).Mashed soups are made with cereals, potatoes and carrots are added, then everything is mashed and a little oil is added.
To prepare main dishes, it is better to use cooking (steam or in a water bath).This is how omelettes, puddings, sauces, etc. are prepared.The meat is boiled finely (to remove the extractive substances from it), then the broth is drained and the meat is boiled in new water.
Sample recipes from permitted foods during diets:
First courses
Cream of Pumpkin Soup with Dill
Boil the zucchini and potatoes and puree them in a blender.It is brought to the desired texture with the vegetable broth, salted, cream and finely chopped dill are added.
Runny rice soup with minced chicken (breast) and cream
Boiled chicken fillet is ground in a blender.Mix the puree with the rice water, add a little salt and let it boil.The soup is cooled to 70 °C, the egg-cream mixture is added and whisked.
Second courses:
Turkey cutlets
The ground turkey is salted, butter and wheat bread soaked in fresh milk are added.Shape into patties and braise.
Delicious diet desserts:
Rice pudding with apples
Boil the rice porridge, add grated apples, yolk and sugar.Beat the mixture and add the pre-beaten egg whites.They are placed in molds and steamed for at least half an hour.The finished pudding is poured with the fruit jelly.
Cottage cheese souffle
Beat the cottage cheese, egg yolks, semolina, milk and cream.Add the beaten egg whites to the mixture and mix carefully.The resulting mass in the form is stewed.